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  • Pupils attending Boggu Primary School are standing in a line while waiting for a nutritional meal available under the School Feeding Program run by the local NGO SEND, in the courtyard of the small rural institution that Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is attending, in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    26_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • In the early morning, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is walking back to her village to attend school, after having collected a load of Shea nuts to help supporting her family, in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    07_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • A woman is walking in a field of Yam in Fooshegu village, near Tamale, northern Ghana.
    32_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • In the early morning, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is collecting Shea nuts to help supporting her family, before returning to her village to attend school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    13_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • In the early morning, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is collecting Shea nuts to help supporting her family, before returning to her village to attend school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    09_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • In the early morning, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is collecting Shea nuts to help supporting her family, before returning to her village to attend school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    06_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • In the early morning, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is collecting Shea nuts to help supporting her family, before returning to her village to attend school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    05_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • After having collected a load of Shea nuts each to help supporting their families, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, (left) and her classmate Rahima Ibrahim, 11, (right, not sisters) are walking back to their village with some water to bring along to their school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    19_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • Hassana Ibrahim, 11, (right) is eating a nutritional meal available under the School Feeding Program run by the local NGO SEND, while sitting in the courtyard of the small rural institution she is attending in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana. Other pupils are in a line in order to receive the same lunch.
    29_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • After having collected a load of Shea nuts to help supporting her family, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, (centre) is leaving her home with some water to bring along to her school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    18_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • After having collected a load of Shea nuts each to help supporting their families, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, (left) and her classmate Rahima Ibrahim, 11, (right, not sisters) are walking back to their village with some water to bring along to their school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    17_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • In the early morning, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is collecting Shea nuts to help supporting her family, before returning to her village to attend school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    12_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • A boy is washing ore dust - and separating gold sediments from other metals - in an artisanal processing site near Bagega, pop. 9000, a large village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, Zamfara State, northern Nigeria.
    10_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • After having collected a nutritional meal available under the School Feeding Program run by the local NGO SEND, two pupils are walking in the courtyard of the small rural institution Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is attending in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    33_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • Older pupils are sweeping the courtyard of the small rural institution that Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is attending in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    31_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • A cook is preparing the nutritional meals available under the School Feeding Program run by the local NGO SEND at the small rural institution that Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is attending, in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    24_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • Hassana Ibrahim, 11, (front/second) and her classmate Rahima Ibrahim, 11, (front/first, not sisters) are waiting to enter their classes, after having formed a straight line with other students in the courtyard of their school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    21_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • After having collected a load of Shea nuts to help supporting her family, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, (centre) is holding one of her school notebooks before leaving her home to attend school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    16_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • In the early morning, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is portrayed during a break from collecting a load of Shea nuts to help supporting her family, in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    15_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • Hassana Ibrahim, 11, (right) and her classmate Rahima Ibrahim, 11, (left, not sisters) are walking back to their village to attend school, after having each collected a load of Shea nuts to help supporting their families, near Boggu village, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    11_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • In the early morning, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is collecting Shea nuts to help supporting her family, before returning to her village to attend school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    08_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • Before the sunrise, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, (left) is getting ready to leave her home and collect Shea nuts to help supporting her family, before returning to her village to attend school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    02_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • Pupils are helping in distributing the nutritional meals available under the School Feeding Program run by the local NGO SEND at the small rural institution that Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is attending, in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    28_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • Older pupils are helping in distributing the nutritional meals available under the School Feeding Program run by the local NGO SEND at the small rural institution that Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is attending, in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    27_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • During recreational time, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, (second from right) her classmate Rahima Ibrahim, 11, (second from left, not sisters) and other pupils are spending some time together in the courtyard of their school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    25_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • Hassana Ibrahim, 11, (standing) is standing up in order to answer the teacher's question while attending lessons in her school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    23_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • After having collected a load of Shea nuts to help supporting her family, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, (centre) is carrying them in the courtyard of her home before getting ready and leaving to attend school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    14_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • In the early morning, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is collecting Shea nuts to help supporting her family, before returning to her village to attend school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    10_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • Hassana Ibrahim, 11, (right) her classmate Rahima Ibrahim, 11, (left, not sisters) and an older girl are walking towards a field where they will collect a load of Shea nuts to help supporting their families, near Boggu village, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    04_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • In the early morning, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is portrayed during a break from collecting a load of Shea nuts to help supporting her family, in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    01_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • Hassana Ibrahim, 11, (right) her classmate Rahima Ibrahim, 11, (left, not sisters) and an older girl are walking towards a field where they will collect a load of Shea nuts to help supporting their families, near Boggu village, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    03_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • Pupils are collecting and eating nutritional meals available under the School Feeding Program run by the local NGO SEND, while in the courtyard of the small rural institution Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is attending in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    30_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • Hassana Ibrahim, 11, (right) is raising her hand in order to answer the teacher's question while sitting in her classroom in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    22_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • After having collected a load of Shea nuts to help supporting her family, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is walking back to the village with some water to bring along to her school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    20_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • People are visiting the market in Bagega, pop. 9000, a large village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. It is mainly caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    32_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Two boys, controlled by a guard, are looking for impure gold in the last step of the extraction in an artisanal processing site near Bagega, pop. 9000, a large village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. The contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    22_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Doctors at Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF - Doctors Without Borders) are trying to reanimate Marhazu Sa'adu, 9 days old, a child suffering from blood lead level of 49.6 micrograms per decilitre, tetanus and septicaemia, inside the MSF clinic in Anka, Zamfara State, Nigeria. Marhazu passed away within the day. The MSF facility handles serious cases of lead poisoning referred to them by local clinics in the surrounding villages. It is mainly caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities. The treatment with MSF starts when blood lead level (BLL) samples reach 45 micrograms per decilitre. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that a BLL of 5 micro-g/dL or above is a cause for concern. The cycle of medicines lasts for 20 days. After that, the child's blood is tested and a new round of treatment is provided. Treatment can last years, as lead is reduced in the blood, but it persists noticeably within the bones, especially if the patients return to the same polluted environment. Remediation of the affected villages, a campaign of awareness, and the introduction of safer mining techniques are pivotal to the long-term solution of a hazardous trend that has already killed over 460 children, and it is bound to grow in size, fostered by the ever-rising price of gold.
    16_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Afreen, 17, a member of the Red Brigades, is performing during a street play promoting awareness about women’s condition in India, on the streets of Madiyaw colony, Lucknow District, Uttar Pradesh. The Red Brigades are a group of young women led by Usha, 25, who after an attempted rape began talking about abuse with her students, aged around 14 to 18 years old. Usha founded the Red Brigades in November 2010. They perform in self-written plays on gender equality around villages and cities, take part to protests and also teach self-defence classes. Most of the girls in the group have experienced some kind of abuse in their past. They sing words such as "all sisters are breaking all the rules, boundaries, come to bring a new world, change will come," and "for how long do we have to go through this?" and "the country has freedom, but girls do not have freedom."
    Sexual_Violence_India_10.JPG
  • A boy is standing inside the affected village of Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria, next to a large artisanal gold processing site. The lead contamination in the area is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles, released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Young_Villagers_Bagega_Zamfara_Portr...JPG
  • A young worker is standing in the artisanal gold processing site of the village of Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria. The lead contamination in the area is caused by ingestion and breathing of particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Young_Workers_Bagega_Zamfara_Portrai...JPG
  • A worker is manually crushing raw stones containing gold, and other metals like lead, in an artisanal gold processing site near Bagega, pop. 9000, a large village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. The contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    21_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • (name changed) Kanchan Kumari Sharma, 12, is standing insider her home in Sersiya Kekrahi village, Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India. In 2012, Kanchan went with a friend to bring lunch to her father, around 2 km away from her home. On the way they met Rajesh (rapist) and Ashok, a friend of his. Both girls were picked up on the spot using an excuse. Ashok drove Kanchan's friend home, but Rajesh forced Kanchan to travel with him during six days and for hundreds of kilometres across different states. (Mirzapur / Chennai / Itarsi / Bhusawal) He raped her once behind the station in Itarsi. With great effort and some coincidence, the uncle of Kanchan managed to bring her back home. Although she was scared, she insisted on going to the police to file a case (FIR). She was kept at the police station for 12 days and threatened to prevent her from filing an official case. Ashok and Rajesh are from higher caste and wealthy families. While Rajesh spent 24 days in jail initially in summer 2012, he is now a free man while the trial is still going on. Kanchan's family is now struggling to put together 30.000 Indian Rupees (500 USD) to continue battling for justice in court.
    Sexual_Violence_India_01.JPG
  • A boy is standing inside the affected village of Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria, next to a large artisanal gold processing site. The lead contamination in the area is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles, released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Young_Villagers_Bagega_Zamfara_Portr...JPG
  • The chairman of a large artisanal gold processing site near Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria, is exhibiting classy shoes while standing among his workers. The lead contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Stories_Portfolio_037.JPG
  • An unlicensed miner is digging a new pit to extract ore containing gold, to be sold and processed in artisanal sites near Dareta village, Zamfara State, Nigeria. On October 28, 2011, in this very same mining site, four workers died buried under the ground when a pit suddenly collapsed. The lead contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Stories_Portfolio_033.JPG
  • Boys are wandering around Bagega, pop. 9000, a large village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. It is mainly caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    48_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Workers are manually crushing raw stones containing gold, and other metals like lead, in an artisanal gold processing site near Bagega, pop. 9000, a large village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. The contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    46_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Men are preparing Halal meat in Bagega, pop. 9000, a large village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. It is mainly caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    42_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • A guard, a middlemen and two young workers are inspecting the gold retrieved on behalf of a gold trader, (in green) in an artisanal gold processing site near Bagega, pop. 9000, a large village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. The contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    24_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Women with their children are sitting on the floor of the Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF - Doctors Without Borders) clinic in Anka, Zamfara State, Nigeria, handling serious cases of lead poisoning referred to them by local clinics in the surrounding villages. It is mainly caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities. The treatment with MSF starts when blood lead level (BLL) samples reach 45 micrograms per decilitre. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that a BLL of 5 micro-g/dL or above is a cause for concern. The cycle of medicines lasts for 20 days. After that, the child's blood is tested and a new round of treatment is provided. Treatment can last years, as lead is reduced in the blood, but it persists noticeably within the bones, especially if the patients return to the same polluted environment. Remediation of the affected villages, a campaign of awareness, and the introduction of safer mining techniques are pivotal to the long-term solution of a hazardous trend that has already killed over 460 children, and it is bound to grow in size, fostered by the ever-rising price of gold.
    15_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Children playing on ore dust containing gold, and other metals like lead, in an artisanal processing site near Abare, a village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed in Zamfara State, Nigeria. The contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    09_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • A goldsmith in Gusau, capital of Zamfara State, Nigeria, is burning sulphuric acid and gold, in order to remove last impurities. The lead contamination in artisanal gold extraction is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    07_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • The chairman of a large artisanal gold processing site near Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria, is exhibiting classy shoes while standing among his workers. The lead contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    06_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • An unlicensed miner is digging a new pit to extract ore containing gold, to be sold and processed in artisanal sites near Dareta village, Zamfara State, Nigeria. On October 28, 2011, in this very same mining site, four workers died buried under the ground when a pit suddenly collapsed. The lead contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    02_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Pravesh Verma, 29, from the charity MASVAW, is smiling inside his home in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Pravesh grew up in a middle class family living in a small village where women had to stay in the house and cover their faces when young or just married. He never helped with anything at home; sometimes he and his brother used to beat their sister when she left home to be with her local friends. He used to insult girls using foul language. He had a girlfriend, an adult relationship, but nobody was to know. When his father found out, they had to break up. He later moved to Lucknow in 2001 to study philosophy, and in summer 2007 he attended his first MASVAW-workshop on gender equality. He was impressed and continued to visit those kind of workshops in the coming years. Pravesh began to change; he started to cook and clean on his own, opened up a banking account for his sister where he could deposit some money for her, he even asked his father to change some of his property to his mother's name. He now has a girlfriend named Pinki, 29, and they both met each other's parents. He would like to marry her, but she is still thinking about it. She lives close to Delhi, and they can only meet twice a month. He resides in Lucknow with his sister and his old grandmother, around 100 years old.
    Sexual_Violence_India_45.JPG
  • A lone woman is crossing a small fence near a railway crossing on the outskirts of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
    Sexual_Violence_India_32.JPG
  • A woman and her two children are sitting next to a field in the rural area outside of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
    Sexual_Violence_India_21.JPG
  • (name changed) Neelam Bharadwaj, 16, (right) is standing inside her family’s home in Rajbhar village, located around 20 kilometres away from Varanasi, in Uttar Pradesh, India, while her older sister Sanju, 29, (left) is cooking. Neelam was raped when she was 13 years old. After walking to a local shop on the main road neighbouring her village, she was forcibly picked up by two men. While one of them was raping her in the bushes, the other watched out. After some time, she managed to free herself and run away, hiding under a bridge in cold dirty water for several hours. When she returned home in the morning, the family was too afraid to go to the police, but activist Mangla Parsad, 34, from PVCHR, convinced the family to take the right action. The police initially insulted and threatened the family for bringing the facts up, but filed the official case (FIR) nevertheless. The rape was not mentioned in the file due to an inaccurate and superficial medical record that did not, in fact, mention it. Because of social shame facing by victims of rape in India, the family agreed to wed Neelam to an older man, with help of an agent. After the marriage, her husband raped her again for a whole month before she decided to return home with her family. Neelam’s father works in the metal industry in Mumbai and manages to send around 2-3000 INR every month. He only visits the family once in a year. Neelam goes to school and she is studying in 11th Class Standard. She is interested in doing BA in Arts after completing her high school 12th final year.
    Sexual_Violence_India_20.JPG
  • (name changed) Neelam Bharadwaj, 16, is standing inside her family’s home in Rajbhar village, located around 20 kilometres away from Varanasi, in Uttar Pradesh, India. Neelam was raped when she was 13 years old. After walking to a local shop on the main road neighbouring her village, she was forcibly picked up by two men. While one of them was raping her in the bushes, the other watched out. After some time, she managed to free herself and run away, hiding under a bridge in cold dirty water for several hours. When she returned home in the morning, the family was too afraid to go to the police, but activist Mangla Parsad, 34, from PVCHR, convinced the family to take the right action. The police initially insulted and threatened the family for bringing the facts up, but filed the official case (FIR) nevertheless. The rape was not mentioned in the file due to an inaccurate and superficial medical record that did not, in fact, mention it. Because of social shame facing by victims of rape in India, the family agreed to wed Neelam to an older man, with help of an agent. After the marriage, her husband raped her again for a whole month before she decided to return home with her family. Neelam’s father works in the metal industry in Mumbai and manages to send around 2-3000 INR every month. He only visits the family once in a year. Neelam goes to school and she is studying in 11th Class Standard. She is interested in doing BA in Arts after completing her high school 12th final year.
    Sexual_Violence_India_14.JPG
  • (name changed) Neelam Bharadwaj, 16, is standing among some clothes inside her family’s home in Rajbhar village, located around 20 kilometres away from Varanasi, in Uttar Pradesh, India. Neelam was raped when she was 13 years old. After walking to a local shop on the main road neighbouring her village, she was forcibly picked up by two men. While one of them was raping her in the bushes, the other watched out. After some time, she managed to free herself and run away, hiding under a bridge in cold dirty water for several hours. When she returned home in the morning, the family was too afraid to go to the police, but activist Mangla Parsad, 34, from PVCHR, convinced the family to take the right action. The police initially insulted and threatened the family for bringing the facts up, but filed the official case (FIR) nevertheless. The rape was not mentioned in the file due to an inaccurate and superficial medical record that did not, in fact, mention it. Because of social shame facing by victims of rape in India, the family agreed to wed Neelam to an older man, with help of an agent. After the marriage, her husband raped her again for a whole month before she decided to return home with her family. Neelam’s father works in the metal industry in Mumbai and manages to send around 2-3000 INR every month. He only visits the family once in a year. Neelam goes to school and she is studying in 11th Class Standard. She is interested in doing BA in Arts after completing her high school 12th final year.
    Sexual_Violence_India_08.JPG
  • Members of the Red Brigades are performing in a street play promoting awareness about women’s condition in India, on the streets of Madiyaw colony, Lucknow District, Uttar Pradesh. The Red Brigades are a group of young women led by Usha, 25, who after an attempted rape began talking about abuse with her students, aged around 14 to 18 years old. Usha founded the Red Brigades in November 2010. They act in self-written plays on gender equality around villages and cities, take part to protests and also teach self-defence classes. Most of the girls in the group have experienced some kind of abuse in their past. They sing words such as "all sisters are breaking all the rules, boundaries, come to bring a new world, change will come," and "for how long do we have to go through this?" and "the country has freedom, but girls do not have freedom."
    Sexual_Violence_India_07.JPG
  • Indian men are walking next to provoking Pepsi advertisement starring Bollywood celebrity Priyanka Chopra, on the streets of Lucknow, the state capital of Uttar Pradesh, India.
    Sexual_Violence_India_02.JPG
  • A boy is standing inside the affected village of Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria, next to a large artisanal gold processing site. The lead contamination in the area is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles, released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Young_Villagers_Bagega_Zamfara_Portr...JPG
  • A boy is standing inside the affected village of Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria, next to a large artisanal gold processing site. The lead contamination in the area is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles, released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Young_Villagers_Bagega_Zamfara_Portr...JPG
  • A boy is standing inside the affected village of Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria, next to a large artisanal gold processing site. The lead contamination in the area is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles, released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Young_Villagers_Bagega_Zamfara_Portr...JPG
  • A girl is standing inside the affected village of Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria, next to a large artisanal gold processing site. The lead contamination in the area is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles, released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Young_Villagers_Bagega_Zamfara_Portr...JPG
  • A girl is standing inside the affected village of Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria, next to a large artisanal gold processing site. The lead contamination in the area is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles, released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Young_Villagers_Bagega_Zamfara_Portr...JPG
  • A boy is standing inside the affected village of Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria, next to a large artisanal gold processing site. The lead contamination in the area is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles, released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Young_Villagers_Bagega_Zamfara_Portr...JPG
  • A boy is standing inside the affected village of Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria, next to a large artisanal gold processing site. The lead contamination in the area is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles, released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Young_Villagers_Bagega_Zamfara_Portr...JPG
  • A boy is standing inside the affected village of Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria, next to a large artisanal gold processing site. The lead contamination in the area is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles, released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Young_Villagers_Bagega_Zamfara_Portr...JPG
  • A girl is standing inside the affected village of Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria, next to a large artisanal gold processing site. The lead contamination in the area is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles, released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Young_Villagers_Bagega_Zamfara_Portr...JPG
  • A girl is standing inside the affected village of Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria, next to a large artisanal gold processing site. The lead contamination in the area is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles, released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Young_Villagers_Bagega_Zamfara_Portr...JPG
  • A young worker is standing in the artisanal gold processing site of the village of Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria. The lead contamination in the area is caused by ingestion and breathing of particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Young_Workers_Bagega_Zamfara_Portrai...JPG
  • A young worker is standing in the artisanal gold processing site of the village of Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria. The lead contamination in the area is caused by ingestion and breathing of particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Young_Workers_Bagega_Zamfara_Portrai...JPG
  • A young worker is standing in the artisanal gold processing site of the village of Bagega, pop. 9000, Zamfara State, Nigeria. The lead contamination in the area is caused by ingestion and breathing of particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Young_Workers_Bagega_Zamfara_Portrai...JPG
  • Women with their children are sitting on the floor of the Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF - Doctors Without Borders) clinic in Anka, Zamfara State, Nigeria, handling serious cases of lead poisoning referred to them by local clinics in the surrounding villages. It is mainly caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities. The treatment with MSF starts when blood lead level (BLL) samples reach 45 micrograms per decilitre. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that a BLL of 5 micro-g/dL or above is a cause for concern. The cycle of medicines lasts for 20 days. After that, the child's blood is tested and a new round of treatment is provided. Treatment can last years, as lead is reduced in the blood, but it persists noticeably within the bones, especially if the patients return to the same polluted environment. Remediation of the affected villages, a campaign of awareness, and the introduction of safer mining techniques are pivotal to the long-term solution of a hazardous trend that has already killed over 460 children, and it is bound to grow in size, fostered by the ever-rising price of gold.
    Stories_Portfolio_039.JPG
  • Workers are washing ore dust, separating gold sediments from other metals, to later collect it by mixing it with mercury, in an artisanal processing site near Abare, a village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. The mercury recovered is then burned, revealing unpolished pieces of solid gold. It will be purified in Gusau, where goldsmiths will add sulphuric acid to refine the gold and remove all the impurities. The lead contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Stories_Portfolio_035.JPG
  • A gold trader is holding a piece of pure gold, extracted in Zamfara State, while standing in the Zamfara Gold Buyers and Sellers Cooperative Union in Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria. The contamination in artisanal gold extraction is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    Stories_Portfolio_034.JPG
  • At sunset, a farmer is leading his heard and passing near an artisanal processing site in Abare, a village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. The lead contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    50_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Boys are washing cassava on the shore of a dam, built for drinking water, but now spiked with lead, as the location was used until recently as an artisanal gold processing site, near Bagega, pop. 9000, a large, village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. The processing site has now been moved a little further away, about 2 Km from the main village, in an effort to reduce the possibility of human contamination. Some villagers still use dam water for their needs, as boreholes and wells are often malfunctioning. The lead contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    49_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Workers are washing ore dust, separating gold sediments from other metals, to later collect it by mixing it with mercury, in an artisanal processing site near Bagega, pop. 9000, a large village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. The mercury recovered is then burned, revealing unpolished pieces of solid gold. It will be purified in Gusau, where goldsmiths will add sulphuric acid to refine the gold and remove all the impurities. The contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    47_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Unlicensed miners are extracting ore containing gold, and other metals like lead, to be sold and processed in artisanal sites near Dareta village, Zamfara State, Nigeria. On October 28, 2011, in this very same mining site, four workers died buried under the ground when a pit suddenly collapsed. The lead contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    43_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Doctors at M√©decins Sans Fronti√®res (MSF - Doctors Without Borders) are trying to reanimate Marhazu Sa'adu, 9 days old, a child suffering from blood lead level of 49.6 micrograms per decilitre, tetanus and septicaemia, inside the MSF clinic in Anka, Zamfara State, Nigeria. Marhazu passed away within the day. The MSF facility handles serious cases of lead poisoning referred to them by local clinics in the surrounding villages. It is mainly caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities. The treatment with MSF starts when blood lead level (BLL) samples reach 45 micrograms per decilitre. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that a BLL of 5 ?g/dL or above is a cause for concern. The cycle of medicines lasts for 20 days. After that, the child's blood is tested and a new round of treatment is provided. Treatment can last years, as lead is reduced in the blood, but it persists noticeably within the bones, especially if the patients return to the same polluted environment. Remediation of the affected villages, a campaign of awareness, and the introduction of safer mining techniques are pivotal to the long-term solution of a hazardous trend that has already killed over 460 children, and it is bound to grow in size, alimented by the ever-rising price of gold.
    39_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Women with their children are sitting on the floor of the MÈdecins Sans FrontiËres (MSF - Doctors Without Borders) clinic in Anka, Zamfara State, Nigeria, handling serious cases of lead poisoning referred to them by local clinics in the surrounding villages. It is mainly caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities. The treatment with MSF starts when blood lead level (BLL) samples reach 45 micrograms per decilitre. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that a BLL of 5 ?g/dL or above is a cause for concern. The cycle of medicines lasts for 20 days. After that, the child's blood is tested and a new round of treatment is provided. Treatment can last years, as lead is reduced in the blood, but it persists noticeably within the bones, especially if the patients return to the same polluted environment. Remediation of the affected villages, a campaign of awareness, and the introduction of safer mining techniques are pivotal to the long-term solution of a hazardous trend that has already killed over 460 children, and it is bound to grow in size, alimented by the ever-rising price of gold.
    38_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Mohammed Surajo, 30, is holding his only daughter, Naimaatu Surajo, 4, a girl suffering from permanent brain damage and blindness, in Abare, a village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. His wife Asnya lost six children: two miscarriages, and four while very young. Only her daughter Surajo was saved, but she survives as a suffering victim of lead pollution in the area. It is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities. Nearby, in Anka, doctors from M√©decins Sans Fronti√®res (MSF - Doctors Without Borders) are treating serious cases of lead poisoning, referred to them by local clinics in the surrounding villages. The treatment with MSF starts when blood lead level (BLL) samples reach 45 micrograms per decilitre. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that a BLL of 5 ?g/dL or above is a cause for concern. The cycle of medicines lasts for 20 days. After that, the child's blood is tested and a new round of treatment is provided. Treatment can last years, as lead is reduced in the blood, but it persists noticeably within the bones, especially if the patients return to the same polluted environment. Remediation of the affected villages, a campaign of awareness, and the introduction of safer mining techniques are pivotal to the long-term solution of a hazardous trend that has already killed over 460 children, and it is bound to grow in size, alimented by the ever-rising price of gold.
    37_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Ibrahim Abubakar, 22, a man working in artisanal gold processing and mining, is holding his daughter, Fatima Abubakar, 1 year and 9 months. Ibrahim lost a two-yeal-old daughter Abdelmajid Abubakar, to lead poisoning, when he lived in a contaminated cluster of houses where 8 children died in a two-year spam. Fatima is healthy, as the families living in this heavily contaminated compound joined together and remediated the soil by removing tainted soil and replacing it. Many villagers in Zamfara state now claim to be working in agriculture, and to have nothing to do with gold, mainly because the health crisis that emerged. Given the lucrative option, locals believe that most people in the area are, in some way, involved in the gold business. The contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities. The treatment with MSF starts when blood lead level (BLL) samples reach 45 micrograms per decilitre. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that a BLL of 5 ?g/dL or above is a cause for concern. The cycle of medicines lasts for 20 days. After that, the child's blood is tested and a new round of treatment is provided. Treatment can last years, as lead is reduced in the blood, but it persists noticeably within the bones, especially if the patients return to the same polluted environment. Remediation of the affected villages, a campaign of awareness, and the introduction of safer mining techniques are pivotal to the long-term solution of a hazardous trend that has already killed over 460 children, and it is bound to grow in size, alimented by the ever-rising price of gold.
    36_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • A man is pushing the goat's blood out of the animal's body, while preparing Halal meat in Bagega, pop. 9000, a large village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. It is mainly caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    34_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Children are collecting underground water from a hand-pump in Bagega, pop. 9000, a large village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. It is mainly caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    31_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Youngsters are watching television in a public ground in Bagega, pop. 9000, a large village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. It is mainly caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    25_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • A worker is smoking a cigarette on the ground, in an artisanal processing site near Bagega, pop. 9000, a large village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. The lead contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    23_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • A worker is holding a piece of ore containing gold, in an artisanal processing site near Abare, a village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. The contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    19_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • At sunset, a farmer is leading his heard and passing near an artisanal processing site in Abare, a village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. The lead contamination is caused by ingestion and breathing of particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    18_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • A mother is sitting with her children inside the Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF - Doctors Without Borders) clinic in Anka, Zamfara State, Nigeria, handling serious cases of lead poisoning referred to them by local clinics in the surrounding villages. It is mainly caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities. The treatment with MSF starts when blood lead level (BLL) samples reach 45 micrograms per decilitre. The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that a BLL of 5 micro-g/dL or above is a cause for concern. The cycle of medicines lasts for 20 days. After that, the child's blood is tested and a new round of treatment is provided. Treatment can last years, as lead is reduced in the blood, but it persists noticeably within the bones, especially if the patients return to the same polluted environment. Remediation of the affected villages, a campaign of awareness, and the introduction of safer mining techniques are pivotal to the long-term solution of a hazardous trend that has already killed over 460 children, and it is bound to grow in size, fostered by the ever-rising price of gold.
    17_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • A boy sucking his finger covered in dust, is wandering around Bagega, pop. 9000, a large village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. It is mainly caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    13_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Lukman Maigoro, 6, (right) a young boy suffering from blindness, is having breakfast with two of his siblings in Bagega, pop. 9000, a large village affected by lead poisoning due to the unsafe techniques employed for extracting gold, in Zamfara State, Nigeria. At the age of 4, Lukman became blind due to lead poisoning. He was cured at the Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF - Doctors Without Borders) clinic in Anka, handling serious cases of lead poisoning referred to them by local clinics in the surrounding villages. It is mainly caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities. The treatment with MSF starts when blood lead level (BLL) samples reach 45 micrograms per decilitre. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that a BLL of 5 micro-g/dL or above is a cause for concern. The cycle of medicines lasts for 20 days. After that, the child's blood is tested and a new round of treatment is provided. Treatment can last years, as lead is reduced in the blood, but it persists noticeably within the bones, especially if the patients return to the same polluted environment. Remediation of the affected villages, a campaign of awareness, and the introduction of safer mining techniques are pivotal to the long-term solution of a hazardous trend that has already killed over 460 children, and it is bound to grow in size, fostered by the ever-rising price of gold.
    11_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • A gold trader is holding a piece of pure gold, extracted in Zamfara State, while standing in the Zamfara Gold Buyers and Sellers Cooperative Union in Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria. The contamination in artisanal gold extraction is caused by ingestion and breathing of lead particles released in the steps to isolate the gold from other metals. This type of lead is soluble in stomach acid and children under-5 are most affected, as they tend to ingest more through their hands by touching the ground, and are developing symptoms often leading to death or serious disabilities.
    01_Zamfara_Gold_Lead.JPG
  • Dr Lenin Raghuvanshi, (left) and her wife (right) are listening to some of their collaborators at the PVCHR headquarters in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Lenin's grandfather was a freedom fighter in India's fight against the British. His father was a communist, so he names all of his children after famous communists: Mao, Che Guevara, Stalin, Lenin and Raul. Lenin used to be a doctor in Ayurveda and modern medicine but quit because of the inherent corruption he witnessed. He founded PVCHR in 1996. The charity organises workshops, supports victims during trial and with the police, and promotes education and gender equality.
    Sexual_Violence_India_43.JPG
  • (name changed) Neelam Bharadwaj, 16, (second from right) is preparing some rice for cooking, while her older sister Sanju, 29, (right) is preparing a pot with water, inside their home in Rajbhar village, located around 20 kilometres away from Varanasi, in Uttar Pradesh, India. Sanju's children, Payel, 5, (second from left) and Prince Kumar, 3, (left) are sitting nearby. Neelam was raped when she was 13 years old. After walking to a local shop on the main road neighbouring her village, she was forcibly picked up by two men. While one of them was raping her in the bushes, the other watched out. After some time, she managed to free herself and run away, hiding under a bridge in cold dirty water for several hours. When she returned home in the morning, the family was too afraid to go to the police, but activist Mangla Parsad, 34, from PVCHR, convinced the family to take the right action. The police initially insulted and threatened the family for bringing the facts up, but filed the official case (FIR) nevertheless. The rape was not mentioned in the file due to an inaccurate and superficial medical record that did not, in fact, mention it. Because of social shame facing by victims of rape in India, the family agreed to wed Neelam to an older man, with help of an agent. After the marriage, her husband raped her again for a whole month before she decided to return home with her family. Neelam’s father works in the metal industry in Mumbai and manages to send around 2-3000 INR every month. He only visits the family once in a year. Neelam goes to school and she is studying in 11th Class Standard. She is interested in doing BA in Arts after completing her high school 12th final year.
    Sexual_Violence_India_42.JPG
  • In the early morning, a lone boy is standing by Hindu writing on a wall near Sersiya Kekrahi village, Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India. In 2012, Kanchan (name changed) went with a friend to bring lunch to her father, around 2 km away from her home. On the way they met Rajesh (rapist) and Ashok, a friend of his. Both girls were picked up on the spot using an excuse. Ashok drove Kanchan's friend home, but Rajesh forced Kanchan to travel with him during six days and for hundreds of kilometres across different states. (Mirzapur / Chennai / Itarsi / Bhusawal) He raped her once behind the station in Itarsi. With great effort and some coincidence, the uncle of Kanchan managed to bring her back home. Although she was scared, she insisted on going to the police to file a case (FIR). She was kept at the police station for 12 days and threatened to prevent her from filing an official case. Ashok and Rajesh are from higher caste and wealthy families. While Rajesh spent 24 days in jail initially in summer 2012, he is now a free man while the trial is still going on. Kanchan's family is now struggling to put together 30.000 Indian Rupees (500 USD) to continue battling for justice in court.
    Sexual_Violence_India_41.JPG
  • Young women are taking part to an awareness workshop organised by Neeta Shani, from the charity PVCHR, in Parmandapur, a rural area near Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. The girls are painting pro-women slogans on the walls of the local Panchayat, or village council.
    Sexual_Violence_India_40.JPG
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