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  • Youngsters on the streets of the impoverished neighbourhood of Heideveld, Cape Town, RSA. Francis, a woman living in the area from 40 years is on the back; she has witnessed and has been threatened by the wave of violence affecting these communities. Her grandson, who was part of a gang in the area has been shot three times in front of her house by the common drive-by-shootings carried on by rival gangs in the neighbouring areas. Being in so close contact with members of gangs and criminal activity, youngsters are those who are most tempted to join a gang, which most of the time is also probably composed by friends and others living in the community. Making errands or favours to gang members is also common to the younger kids in these areas which are lured by the apparently easy gains deriving from the activity.  With extremely high rates of unemployment, poor resources and too little authority control, ghettos as Heideveld are the best places for gangs to grow in activity and businesses. Targeting mostly young people from their area to carry on the 'dirty job', gangs in the Western Cape, and South Africa are an endemic problem in continuous increase in the years after the radical apartheid governmental system. 'Coloured' communities have lost almost all their help from a government that now is concentrated on empowering black communities instead. Segregated into ghettos and without state grants or development activities, people in these communities are sometimes forced to join a gang or dealing drugs also to provide for their own family. Young gangster are also used for the worst crimes by the fact that, being still under 18 years old, they would face shorter sentences if caught. Drug abuse between kids as young as 12 is not uncommon, especially crystal meth, mandrax and marijuana.
    Marvin_Gangster_Redemption_14.JPG
  • Youngsters on the streets of the impoverished neighbourhood of Heideveld, Cape Town, RSA. Here in front of their house. Being in so close contact with members of gangs and criminal activity, youngsters are those who are most tempted to join a gang, which most of the time is also probably composed by friends and others living in the community. Making errands or favours to gang members is also common to the younger kids in these areas which are lured by the apparently easy gains deriving from the activity.  With extremely high rates of unemployment, poor resources and too little authority control, ghettos as Heideveld are the best places for gangs to grow in activity and businesses. Targeting mostly young people from their area to carry on the 'dirty job', gangs in the Western Cape, and South Africa are an endemic problem in continuous increase in the years after the radical apartheid governmental system. 'Coloured' communities have lost almost all their help from a government that now is concentrated on empowering black communities instead. Segregated into ghettos and without state grants or development activities, people in these communities are sometimes forced to join a gang or dealing drugs also to provide for their own family. Young gangster are also used for the worst crimes by the fact that, being still under 18 years old, they would face shorter sentences if caught. Drug abuse between kids as young as 12 is not uncommon, especially crystal meth, mandrax and marijuana.
    Marvin_Gangster_Redemption_08.JPG
  • Youngsters on the streets of the impoverished neighbourhood of Heideveld, Cape Town, RSA. Here in front of their house. (Marvin in the middle and former gangster Fuad on the right). Being in so close contact with members of gangs and criminal activity, youngsters are those who are most tempted to join a gang, which most of the time is also probably composed by friends and others living in the community. Making errands or favours to gang members is also common to the younger kids (?wannabes?) in these areas which are lured by the apparently easy gains deriving from the activity.  With extremely high rates of unemployment, poor resources and too little authority control, ghettos as Heideveld are the best places for gangs to grow in activity and businesses. Targeting mostly young people from their area to carry on the ?dirty job?, gangs in the Western Cape, and South Africa are an endemic problem in continuous increase in the years after the radical apartheid governmental system. ?Coloured? communities have lost almost all their help from a government that now is concentrated on empowering black communities instead. Segregated into ghettos and without state grants or development activities, people in these communities are sometimes forced to join a gang or dealing drugs also to provide for their own family. Young gangster are also used for the worst crimes by the fact that, being still under 18 years old, they would face shorter sentences if caught. Drug abuse between kids as young as 12 is not uncommon, especially crystal meth, mandrax and marijuana.
    Marvin_Gangster_Redemption_04.JPG
  • Elisabeth, 62, a woman living in the area of Heideveld, Cape Town, RSA, since about 40 years is scared to go out even during the day because of street gun-fight. She runs a little vegetable shop with her husband, Thomas, 64, in their house. She is portrayed while behind the gate of her house in Heideveld. They acknowledge the fact that thanks to the large police station not far from their house thing are slowly getting better, but also that law enforcement is probably not the right long-term way to curb crime, gangs and drug addiction. They favour development and education for the kids but till now the government of South Africa has promoted a effectual policy towards the area of Heideveld. Police incapacity to control the gang problem has also led to the increase of vigilante groups activity, people that feeling threatened to live in their own community has engaged a fight to the gangs on their own, often creating more hatred and dissent. With extremely high rates of unemployment, poor resources and too little authority control, ghettos as Heideveld are the best places for gangs to grow in activity and businesses. Targeting mostly young people from their area to carry on the 'dirty job', gangs in the Western Cape, and South Africa are an endemic problem in continuous increase in the years after the radical apartheid governmental system. 'Coloured' communities have lost almost all their help from a government that now is concentrated on empowering black communities instead. Segregated into ghettos and without state grants or development activities, people in these community are sometimes forced to join a gang or dealing drugs also to provide for their own family.
    Marvin_Gangster_Redemption_17.JPG
  • Youngsters on the streets of the impoverished neighbourhood of Heideveld, Cape Town, RSA. Here showing Marijuana worth 50 Rands (about 50 pence). With extremely high rates of unemployment, poor resources and too little authority control, ghettos as Heideveld are the best places for gangs to grow in activity and businesses. Targeting mostly young people from their area to carry on the ?dirty job?, gangs in the Western Cape, and South Africa are an endemic problem in continuous increase in the years after the radical apartheid governmental system. ?Coloured? communities have lost almost all their help from a government that now is concentrated on empowering black communities instead. Segregated into ghettos and without state grants or development activities, people in these community are sometimes forced to join a gang or dealing drugs also to provide for their own family. Young gangster are also used for the worst crimes by the fact that, being still under 18 years old, they would face shorter sentences if caught. Drug abuse between kids as young as 12 is not uncommon, especially crystal meth, mandrax and marijuana.
    Marvin_Gangster_Redemption_06.JPG
  • Thomas, 64, and Elisabeth, 62, are living in the area of Heideveld, Cape Town, RSA, since about 40 years and are scared to go out even during the day because of street gun-fight. They run a little vegetable shop in their house. They acknowledge the fact that thanks to the large police station not far from their house thing are slowly getting better, but also that law enforcement is probably not the right long-term way to curb crime, gangs and drug addiction. They favour development and education for the kids but till now the government of South Africa has promoted a effectual policy towards the area of Heideveld. With extremely high rates of unemployment, poor resources and too little authority control, ghettos as Heideveld are the best places for gangs to grow in activity and businesses. Targeting mostly young people from their area to carry on the 'dirty job', gangs in the Western Cape, and South Africa are an endemic problem in continuous increase in the years after the radical apartheid governmental system. ?Coloured? communities have lost almost all their help from a government that now is concentrated on empowering black communities instead. Segregated into ghettos and without state grants or development activities, people in these community are sometimes forced to join a gang or dealing drugs also to provide for their own family. Young gangster are also used for the worst crimes by the fact that, being still under 18 years old, they would face shorter sentences if caught.
    Marvin_Gangster_Redemption_15.jpg
  • A pill of Mandrax (methaqualone). Initially marketed as a sedative or sleeping tablet by the French pharmaceutical giant Roussell Laboratories, it turned out to be highly addictive and banned in 1977. Sold illegally in South Africa, it is smoked in conjunction with Marijuana and it is the most widely used drug in the Western Cape, sold at about 30 Rands (about 3 UK pounds) per tablet. It is crushed and smoked in pipes or bottlenecks. It makes the user feel relaxed, clam and peaceful and everything looks perfect, while turning aggressive when the effect is wearing off. It requires increased usage in order to achieve the same effects and depression feelings are not uncommon with use. According to the Cape Town Drug Counselling Centre (CTDCC) it is a really difficult habit to break in impoverished communities where young unemployed are left on their own with no government help or other activities apart from crime and gansgterism. Social injustice, weakened family links and a feeling of 'not-belonging' are also causes of problems upon the 'coloured' communities in South Africa.
    Marvin_Gangster_Redemption_05.JPG
  • A youngster is smoking Mandrax (methaqualone) mixed with Marijuana in Heideveld, Cape Town, RSA.  Initially marketed as a sedative or sleeping tablet by the French pharmaceutical giant Roussell Laboratories, it turned out to be highly addictive and banned in 1977. Sold illegally in South Africa, it is smoked in conjunction with Marijuana and it is the most widely used drug in the Western Cape, sold at about 30 Rands (about 3 UK pounds) per tablet. It is crushed and smoked in pipes or bottlenecks. It makes the user feel relaxed, clam and peaceful and everything looks perfect, while turning aggressive when the effect is wearing off. It requires increased usage in order to achieve the same effects and depression feelings are not uncommon with use. According to the Cape Town Drug Counselling Centre (CTDCC) it is a really difficult habit to break in impoverished communities where young unemployed are left on their own with no government help or other activities apart from crime and gansgterism. Social injustice, weakened family links and a feeling of 'not-belonging' are also causes of problems upon the ?coloured? communities in South Africa.
    Marvin_Gangster_Redemption_03.JPG
  • Youngster smoking Mandrax (methaqualone) and Marijuana in a bottleneck, in Heideveld, CapeTown, RSA. Initially marketed as a sedative or sleeping tablet by the French pharmaceutical giant Roussell Laboratories, it turned out to be highly addictive and banned in 1977. Sold illegally in South Africa, it is smoked in conjunction with Marijuana and it is the most widely used drug in the Western Cape, sold at about 30 Rands (about 3 UK pounds) per tablet. It is crushed and smoked in pipes or bottlenecks. It makes the user feel relaxed, clam and peaceful and everything looks perfect, while turning aggressive when the effect is wearing off. It requires increased usage in order to achieve the same effects and depression feelings are not uncommon with use. According to the Cape Town Drug Counselling Centre (CTDCC) it is a really difficult habit to break in impoverished communities where young unemployed are left on their own with no government help or other activities apart from crime and gansgterism. Social injustice, weakened family links and a feeling of 'not-belonging' are also causes of problems upon the 'coloured' communities in South Africa.
    Marvin_Gangster_Redemption_12.JPG
  • Youngsters smoking Mandrax (methaqualone) and Marijuana in their backgarden, in Cape Town, RSA. Initially marketed as a sedative or sleeping tablet by the French pharmaceutical giant Roussell Laboratories, it turned out to be highly addictive and banned in 1977. Sold illegally in South Africa, it is smoked in conjunction with Marijuana and it is the most widely used drug in the Western Cape, sold at about 30 Rands (about 3 UK pounds) per tablet. It is crushed and smoked in pipes or bottlenecks. It makes the user feel relaxed, clam and peaceful and everything looks perfect, while turning aggressive when the effect is wearing off. It requires increased usage in order to achieve the same effects and depression feelings are not uncommon with use. According to the Cape Town Drug Counselling Centre (CTDCC) it is a really difficult habit to break in impoverished communities where young unemployed are left on their own with no government help or other activities apart from crime and gansgterism. Social injustice, weakened family links and a feeling of 'not-belonging' are also causes of problems upon the 'coloured' communities in South Africa.
    Marvin_Gangster_Redemption_11.JPG
  • A girl is being examined by a member of The Bhopal Medical Appeal during a community meeting near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) factory in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, site of the infamous 1984 gas disaster.
    252_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • A young boy suffering from a severe neurological disorder is taking part to a community meeting organised by The Bhopal Medical Appeal near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) factory in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, site of the infamous 1984 gas disaster.
    101_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • A girl is being examined by a member of The Bhopal Medical Appeal during a community meeting near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) factory in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, site of the infamous 1984 gas disaster.
    124_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • A woman's hand decorated with henna is touching the red brick wall, during a community meeting organised by the Bhopal Medical Appeal near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) factory in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, site of the infamous 1984 gas disaster. Copyright: Alex Masi / Focus For Humanity
    100_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Marvin, 20 years old, former gangster, teaching a life orientation lesson to young neglected youngsters in the School of Hope in Athlone, Cape Town, RSA, where troubled young kids at risk are getting education (run by Thembalitsha.org.za a local NGO). Marvin was a hit-man, working also for different gang such as 'The Americans' and the 'Junior Mafia' between the age of 15 and 19. He grow up in the mainly 'coloured' area of  Heideveld, where unemployment is rife and gangs are flourishing. He was also addicted by crystal meth (aka 'tik'), a dangerous chemical drug very common in South Africa's poorest neighbourhoods. Thanks to his family, after having been to reformatory, he was helped to get out of the gangs and to join a free academy for skills development aimed at empowering troubled youths through training and discipline, called Chrysalis (www.chrysalisacademy.org.za). He finished a three month course there and he is now about to  start working in the tourism industry; he know the wrongs has done and he does not want to go back to that life anymore. Chrysalis aim at reducing the levels of crime and violence in the Western Cape by transforming 'youth at risk' into strong, positive community leaders of the future through intensive continuous training. ?After I left the gang I was working for in the Woodstock area of Cape Town I have made myself some enemies; I cannot go back there anymore because someone has still anger left for me?I don?t want that life anymore, I want to live peacefully and fulfil my aspirations, you see: it is a matter of having little short-term goals, once you have achieved one you go onto the next, and so on. Always think you can do it, don?t give up, go for it again. I was running in dark corners, there was no way out, I did not have a goal, I had no dreams. You need to believe that you are worthwhile. Life is hard, it depends on you on how you want to make your life. Make everyday your day."
    Marvin_Gangster_Redemption_02.JPG
  • A dealer is making portions of Crystal Meth (aka 'tik'), an highly addictive chemical drug commonly used in impoverished neighbourhoods in the Western Cape, RSA. Serc, 26 years old, and member of a gang in Heideveld, was shot twice in front of his house by rival gangsters. He has a wife, awaiting a third child, and two young children; with the growing unemployment in the area it has been impossible for him to provide for his family, joined a gang and started selling drugs. He is the 'main guy' in the neighbourhood and people go to him if they have a problem. "If I could find a reasonable job I would definitely quit, I know all this is not good, and it is harming our very community, but now I have to go on, I have no alternative" he says. Meth is becoming increasingly popular amongst schoolchildren and it is not difficult to find kids as young as 12 with addiction. Statistics say that over a six-month period, 94% of Meth users become addicted to it. Meth gives psychotic effects such as seeing or hearing things that are not there, and it is incline to induce violent behaviour. Meth is common between gang members, it is ideal to prepare a gun-man to hit, removing inhibitions, sharpening senses and fuelling aggression. It is easily smoked in pipes or bulbs, and it does not require a laboratory to be produced: in fact, having the right substances, it can be made even in a kitchen. High availability together with the really cheap price of 30-40 Rands per straw ( about 3-4 UK pounds) is helping to increase the abuse of this dangerous substance. Dealing Meth is also a very lucrative business which can turn a 2000 Rands (200 UK pounds) investment into 5000 Rands (500 UK pounds) in a short time. Tolerance develops quickly and higher doses are soon needed to obtain the same effect on the body.
    Marvin_Gangster_Redemption_10.JPG
  • Marvin, 20 years old, former gangster, by a wall of a school close to the impoverished area of Heideveld, Cape Town, RSA. Marvin was a hit-man, working also for different gangs such as 'The Americans' and the 'Junior Mafia' between the age of 15 and 19. He grow up in the mainly 'coloured' area of  Heideveld, where unemployment is rife and gangs are flourishing. He was also addicted by Crystal Meth (aka 'tik'), a dangerous chemical drug very common in South Africa's poorest neighbourhoods. Thanks to his family he was helped to get out of the gangs and to join a free academy for skills development aimed at empowering troubled youths through training and discipline, called Chrysalis (www.chrysalisacademy.org.za). He finished a three month course there and he is now about to  start working in the tourism industry; he know the wrongs has done and he does not want to go back to that life anymore. Chrysalis aim at reducing the levels of crime and violence in the Western Cape by transforming 'youth at risk' into strong, positive community leaders of the future through intensive continuous training. Marvin is actually heading life orientation lessons to institutes as the School of Hope, in Athlone, Cape Town, where troubled young kids at risk are getting education (run by Thembalitsha.org.za a local NGO).
    Marvin_Gangster_Redemption_01.JPG
  • A disable girl is sitting on the floor during a community meeting organised by The Bhopal Medical Appeal near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) factory in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, site of the infamous 1984 gas disaster.
    223_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Families are being gathered at a community meeting organised by The Bhopal Medical Appeal near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) factory in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, site of the infamous 1984 gas tragedy. The poisonous cloud that enveloped Bhopal left everlasting consequences that today continue to consume people's lives.
    049_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Marvin, 20 years old, former gangster, teaching a life orientation lesson to young neglected youngsters in the School of Hope in Athlone, Cape Town, RSA, where troubled young kids at risk are getting education (run by Thembalitsha.org.za a local NGO). Marvin was a hit-man, working also for different gang such as 'The Americans' and the 'Junior Mafia' between the age of 15 and 19. He grow up in the mainly 'coloured' area of  Heideveld, where unemployment is rife and gangs are flourishing. He was also addicted by crystal meth (aka 'tik'), a dangerous chemical drug very common in South Africa's poorest neighbourhoods. Thanks to his family, after having been to reformatory, he was helped to get out of the gangs and to join a free academy for skills development aimed at empowering troubled youths through training and discipline, called Chrysalis (www.chrysalisacademy.org.za). He finished a three month course there and he is now about to  start working in the tourism industry; he know the wrongs has done and he does not want to go back to that life anymore. Chrysalis aim at reducing the levels of crime and violence in the Western Cape by transforming 'youth at risk' into strong, positive community leaders of the future through intensive continuous training. ?After I left the gang I was working for in the Woodstock area of Cape Town I have made myself some enemies; I cannot go back there anymore because someone has still anger left for me?I don?t want that life anymore, I want to live peacefully and fulfil my aspirations, you see: it is a matter of having little short-term goals, once you have achieved one you go onto the next, and so on. Always think you can do it, don?t give up, go for it again. I was running in dark corners, there was no way out, I did not have a goal, I had no dreams. You need to believe that you are worthwhile. Life is hard, it depends on you on how you want to make your life. Make everyday your day."
    Marvin_Gangster_Redemption_16.jpg
  • Poonam, 6, is revelling in the heavy monsoon rain in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex in Bhopal, central India, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'. When the monsoon rain falls every year, it seeps through the buried, hazardous waste of Union Carbide, before proceeding to pollute the area's underground water reservoirs.
    002_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Poonam, 13, (right) is playing with the family's mobile phone next to her oldest sister Arti, 19, (left) and their mother, Sangita, 42, while sitting on the floor of their newly built home in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    024_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Poonam, 9, (front) is running away from her sister Jyoti, 10, (left) while playing with friends on the streets of Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    017_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Sachin, 16, a boy suffering from a severe physical disorder affecting his bone structure and legs, is being helped washing by his grandmother, inside their home in the impoverished Oriya Basti colony, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex. Copyright: Alex Masi
    234_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • On a rainy day, a girl is playing with an umbrella along the railway tracks passing through New Arif Nagar, one of the water-affected colonies surrounding the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
    228_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Young men are celebrating the festival of Janamashtami, the birthday of Hindu God Krishna, in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex.
    162_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • A girl, followed by younger children, is buying a balloon from a local vendor passing near the impoverished Oriya Basti Colony in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex.
    157_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • An injured dog is sitting on the pavement in the impoverished Oriya Basti Colony in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex.
    151_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • A young boy is running home under heavy rain in the impoverished Oriya Basti colony, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex.
    137_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • A boy is jumping while others are about to start a game of cricket around the abandoned evaporation pool (left) that was once used by Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) next to their industrial complex, site of the infamous 1984 gas tragedy in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India. The poisonous cloud that enveloped Bhopal left everlasting consequences that today continue to consume people's lives. Thousands tons of hazardous chemical waste are still buried in various spots around this area of Bhopal.
    109_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Meenakshi, 7, a child born with mental and physical disabilities from a gas-affected mother, is being washed by Sorom Bai, 35, in their home in the impoverished Oriya Basti Colony, in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex.
    104_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Children are playing on a cart, while crossing a small flooded road in Oriya Basti, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, a water-affected colony located near the former Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex.
    089_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • By burning a 'corporate man' statue, an effigy of unregulated, dangerous capitalism and exploitation, Bhopalis are demonstrating in front of the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous 1984 gas tragedy in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India, on the 29th anniversary since the disaster, December 2, 2013. The poisonous cloud that enveloped Bhopal left everlasting consequences that today continue to consume people's lives.
    083_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • In the early morning, a young girl is carrying her crying sibling towards their home by the railway tracks in New Arif Nagar, one of the water-affected colonies standing next to the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous 1984 gas tragedy in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India. The poisonous cloud that enveloped Bhopal left everlasting consequences that today continue to consume people's lives.
    078_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Siddhesh, 12, a boy suffering from severe celebral palsy is sitting on a toilet bowl inside his home in Nariyal Kheda, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India, site of the infamous 1984 gas tragedy. Siddhesh's father has abandoned him years ago. His mother is also suffering from mental retardation, and they now live with Siddhesh's maternal grandfather on the meagre pension he has earned after working as a civil servant. In 1984 Siddhesh's mother survived the poisonous gas cloud that enveloped Bhopal, leaving everlasting consequences that today continue to consume people's lives.
    072_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Rachna, 8, (right) a girl suffering from a severe neurological disorder, is riding the Chingari Trust Rehabilitation Centre's bus with her sister, Reena, 12, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, site of the infamous 1984 gas tragedy. The poisonous cloud that enveloped Bhopal left everlasting consequences that today continue to consume people's lives.
    069_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Rachi, 7, a disabled girl affected by microcephaly and myoclonic epilepsy, is being restrained with a cord to her ankle by her mother Jyoti Yadav, 34, a '1984 Gas Survivor', in order to keep her from wandering off on her own and being at risk of abuse and danger, while inside their home near Saifiya College, in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India.
    042_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • By burning a 'corporate man' statue, an effigy of unregulated, dangerous capitalism and exploitation, Bhopalis are demonstrating in front of the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous 1984 gas tragedy in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India, on the 29th anniversary since the disaster, December 2, 2013. The poisonous cloud that enveloped Bhopal left everlasting consequences that today continue to consume people's lives.
    029_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Rashid Ali, 35, a '1984 Gas Survivor', is talking on a mobile phone while hugging his disabled son Rahil Ali, 7, a boy affected by lissencephaly, inside their home in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex. Rahil lives with his father and deaf grandmother in a small, single room rented within a larger house. Due to the hardship and stigma associated to birth defects in India, in 2009 Rahil's mother left the family.
    024_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Poonam, 11, is standing inside her family's newly built home in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    089_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Poonam, 12, (right) is celebrating Diwali, the Hindu festival of lights, next to her oldest sister Arti, 18, in the front yard of their family's newly built home in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    006_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Ashia, 31, a '1984 Gas Survivor', is lifting her disabled son Anas, 11, a boy affected by severe cerebral palsy, while inside their home in Aishbag Colony, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India.
    Bhopal_30_Years_BW_Portraits_09.JPG
  • Sharma Khan, 31, a '1984 Gas Survivor', is applying some talco on the face and neck of her disabled daughter Sufiya, 7, a girl affected by severe cerebral palsy, while in their home in Shajahanbad, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India.
    Bhopal_30_Years_BW_Portraits_22.JPG
  • With great effort, Farida Sultan, 44, a '1984 Gas Survivor', is lifting Azhar, 16, one of her two severely disabled sons affected by severe muscular dystrophy, while inside their home in Shahjahanbad, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India.
    Bhopal_30_Years_BW_Portraits_04.JPG
  • Mohammed Mohsin, 14, a boy suffering from severe cerebral palsy, is being fed water by his mother, a '1984 Gas Survivor', inside a public hospital in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex.
    Bhopal_30_Years_BW_Portraits_06
  • Pupils attending Boggu Primary School are standing in a line while waiting for a nutritional meal available under the School Feeding Program run by the local NGO SEND, in the courtyard of the small rural institution that Hassana Ibrahim, 11, is attending, in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    26_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • Poonam, 6, is revelling in the heavy monsoon rain in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex in Bhopal, central India, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'. When the monsoon rain falls every year, it seeps through the buried, hazardous waste of Union Carbide, before proceeding to pollute the area's underground water reservoirs.
    009_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Jyoti, 10, (left) and her younger sister Poonam, 9, (right) are oiling their hair while getting ready for school, as they stand inside their newly built home in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    036_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Poonam, 6, is revelling in the heavy monsoon rain in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex in Bhopal, central India, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'. When the monsoon rain falls every year, it seeps through the buried, hazardous waste of Union Carbide, before proceeding to pollute the area's underground water reservoirs.
    004_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Boys are playing cricket by the side of a large evaporation pool once used by Union Carbide for their industrial wastewater, next to Blue Moon, the contaminated colonies next to the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India. In this area, hazardous chemical have also been buried and continue to contaminate the underground aquifers.
    205_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • On September 29, 2014, the day of former Union Carbide Warren Anderson’s death in Vero Beach, Florida, at the age of 92 and still absconding from India courts wanting him in relation to the ‘1984 Gas Disaster’, angry Bhopalis are demonstrating in front of the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India, by spitting on an image of the deceased, reputed the man mostly responsible for the catastrophe that changed Bhopal forever.
    182_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • A girl is playing with a red ball during celebrations for the Dussehra Festival in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, site of the 1984 Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) gas disaster.
    028_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • After having washed her hair, Poonam, 13, (left) is waiting for chai tea to be served by her oldest sister Arti, 19, while sitting on the floor of their newly built home in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex.
    058_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • (right to left) Jyoti, 11, Poonam, 10, and their older sister Arti, 16, are warily observing their friend and neighbour, Pooja, 16, connecting electric cables near Poonam's newly built home in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    055_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • After a long day in school with her older sister Jyoti, 14, Poonam, 13, is relaxing inside their newly built home in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies of Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    035_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Jyoti, 14, (left) and her younger sister Poonam, 13, (right) are praying before starting lessons inside a classroom of the cozy, private school they regularly attend since 2011, located close to their newly built home in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'. The two girls are studying in Year 6, out of 12, in 2015-16.
    034_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Poonam, 9, (front) is running away from her sister Jyoti, 10, (left) while playing with friends on the streets of Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    011_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • After having collected a load of Shea nuts each to help supporting their families, Hassana Ibrahim, 11, (left) and her classmate Rahima Ibrahim, 11, (right, not sisters) are walking back to their village with some water to bring along to their school in Boggu, Tamale, northern Ghana.
    19_Shea_Nuts_Ghana.JPG
  • Poonam, 6, is revelling in the heavy monsoon rain in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex in Bhopal, central India, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'. When the monsoon rain falls every year, it seeps through the buried, hazardous waste of Union Carbide, before proceeding to pollute the area's underground water reservoirs.
    002_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Ready for another day in the cozy, private school they have been attending since 2011, Jyoti, 11, (left) and her younger sister Poonam, 10, (right) are about to leave their newly built home in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies of Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    034_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • On Children's Day 2014, November 14, Poonam's sister Jyoti, 13, is arguing with a classmate over a piece of chalk, while playing around near a blackboard, inside a room of the cozy, private schooll the sisters regularly attend since 2011, located by their newly built home in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    032_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Poonam, 9, is leaning on her desk during a lesson in a cozy, private school located by her newly built home in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    031_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Poonam, 12, (centre) is sitting with her sister Jyoti, 13, (left) on the floor of the cozy, private school they regularly attend since 2011, located by their newly built home in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    030_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Before lessons begin, Poonam, 12, (left) and her sister Jyoti, 13, (right) are standing on the street facing the cozy, private school they regularly attend since 2011, located by their newly built home in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    028_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Poonam, 13, (right) is reviewing her homework and her older sister Jyoti, 14, is reaching her schoolbag for a pen, while sitting on the floor of their newly built home in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    027_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Poonam, 11, (centre) her older sister Arti, 17, (left) and their young friend Dipshika, 4, (right) are applying a Bindi decoration to their forehead while inside the family's newly built home in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'. A Bindi is a forehead decoration worn in South Asia. Traditionally it is a bright dot of red colour applied in the centre of the forehead close to the eyebrows.
    013_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Poonam and her family are living in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    009_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Among other pupils, Poonam, 9, (centre/front) her brother Ravi, 11, (right/front) their sister Jyoti, 10, (right/back) are praying on their very first day in a cozy, private school located by their newly built home in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    008_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Poonam, 14, is combing her hair while sitting on the floor of her newly built home in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies in Bhopal, central India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    005_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Fist up towards the sky, Rashida Bee, 57, (centre) is demonstrating along other 1984 'survivors' next to the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex in Bhopal, central India, on the evening of the 29th anniversary since the infamous 'Gas Disaster', on December 2, 2013. Rashida Bee is the founder of 'Chingari Trust Rehabilitation Centre', one of two vital medical institutions funded by 'The Bhopal Medical Appeal'.
    002_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Poonam, 6, is revelling in the heavy monsoon rain in Oriya Basti, one of the water-contaminated colonies near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex in Bhopal, central India, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'. When the monsoon rain falls every year, it seeps through the buried, hazardous waste of Union Carbide, before proceeding to pollute the area's underground water reservoirs.
    009_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Dark clouds are raising over the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex in Bhopal, central India, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'. The poisonous cloud that enveloped Bhopal left everlasting consequences that today continue to consume people's lives.
    001_Poonam_Tale_of_Hope.JPG
  • Dark clouds are raising over the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex in Bhopal, central India, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'. The poisonous cloud that enveloped Bhopal left everlasting consequences that today continue to consume people's lives.
    008_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Babies who died as a consequence to the '1984 Gas Disaster', caused by the negligence of the American corporation Union Carbide, (now DOW Chemical) over thirty years ago, are exhibited in a special section of the Gandhi Medical College in Bhopal, central India. Almost half of the pregnant women exposed to Union Carbide's killer gas aborted spontaneously.
    001_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Shajad Khan, 56, is portrayed inside his home in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex. Shajad has been employed with Union Carbide in the city for 10 years, (1974-1984) first working as a packaging assistant and then assuming a managerial position in the same department.
    246_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Apesha, 4, a child presenting a severe physical and mental disability, is participating to a physiotherapy session inside Chingari Rehabilitation Centre in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. Copyright: Alex Masi
    241_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Meenakshi, 5, a child born with mental and physical disabilities from a gas-affected mother is portrayed inside her home in the impoverished Oriya Basti Colony, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, near the former Union Carbide industrial complex. Over 30.000 people are here at risk by the ongoing underground water contamination.
    236_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Children's toys are laying inside the Chingari Rehabilitation Centre in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex Copyright: Alex Masi
    235_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Children are being assisted at the Chingari Trust in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, located only minutes away from the former Union Carbide factory. Chingari Trust offers assistance, education, physiotherapy and advice to hundreds of children born from gas-affected parents or being fed highly contaminated water since a very early age, when the body is more likely to be affected and suffer irreparable damage.
    232_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • A patient is waiting for a medicinal Ayurvedic mix to be prepared by a physician at the Sambhavna Clinic in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Sambhavna offers free medical services to the survivors of the 1984 Bhopal Industrial Disaster and has more than 30.000 registered patients.
    230_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Women are working on the premises of Gas Peedit Mahila Stationary Ikai, a union of 'gas-affected women', of which Rashida Bee, 56, is the the president, in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
    219_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Rashida Bee, 56, (centre/front) the co-funder of Chingari Trust Rehabilitation Centre for disabled children, is working the premises of Gas Peedit Mahila Stationary Ikai, a union of 'gas-affected women', of which she is also the president, in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
    217_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • 214_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Neha, 7, is standing in the entrance of her home in Indira Nagar, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex in Bhopal, Madhya Pradeh, central India, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'. Neha was born blind, suffering from a neurological disorder, and due to the insufficient care she regularly receives, she developed an eyes and skin infection, and severe malnutrition. Neha shares a single room with no windows with three sisters and one younger brother: Bushra, 14, a girl affected by down syndrome, Nisha, 12, Fiza, 17 and Sohel, 9. Their father left their home in September 2013 and never contacted them anymore; their mother died in 2011. In 1984 she survived the poisonous gas cloud that enveloped Bhopal, leaving everlasting consequences that today continue to consume people's lives.
    212_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Cars are passing by a advertisement about mirrors, on the road of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, city of the infamous ‘1984 Gas Disaster’, a tragic event that today continues to consume people's lives.
    207_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • A large cement water tank is standing behind makeshift homes in New Arif Nagar, one of the contaminated colonies next to the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India.
    206_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Rachi, 7, a disabled girl affected by microcephaly and myoclonic epilepsy, is receiving speech therapy while laying on the floor of 'Chingari Trust Rehabilitation Centre', one of two vital medical institutions funded by 'The Bhopal Medical Appeal' in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India.
    204_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Pupils from a government-run school are walking back home through the impoverished New Arif Nagar colony, in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex.
    202_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • 199_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Vehicles are stuck in traffic because of a heavy rainfall ahead of monsoon season, in the city of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex.
    194_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • A young boy is playing a small drum near his home, in a water-contaminated colony of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous '1984 Gas Disaster'.
    191_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • A boy, surrounded by some young friends, is selling corn from his family's cart, parked along the railway tracks in New Arif Nagar, one of the water-affected colonies standing next to the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous 1984 gas tragedy in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India. The poisonous cloud that enveloped Bhopal left everlasting consequences that today continue to consume people's lives.
    190_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • A boy is smiling while walking with his goat along the railway tracks in New Arif Nagar, one of the water-affected colonies standing next to the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous 1984 gas tragedy in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India. The poisonous cloud that enveloped Bhopal left everlasting consequences that today continue to consume people's lives.
    189_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • A tank is standing abandoned inside the derelict Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India, site of the infamous ‘1984 Gas Disaster’, a tragic event that today continues to consume people's lives.
    185_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Kameeza Bee, 60, a widow 'gas-survivor' now suffering from cancer, is sitting on the floor of her home in Nawab, one of the water-affected colonies near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. Kameeza and her family fed on contaminated underground water until 2010, when some pipeline was installed reached her home.
    183_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • On September 29, 2014, the day of former Union Carbide Warren Anderson’s death in Vero Beach, Florida, at the age of 92 and still absconding from India courts wanting him in relation to the ‘1984 Gas Disaster’, Sathyu Sarangi, founder of ‘Sambhavna’ a free clinic for ‘Gas Survivors’, is giving a TV interview in front of the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India, next to an image of the deceased, reputed the man mostly responsible for the catastrophe that changed Bhopal forever.
    181_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • In the early morning, boats are anchored next to the city’s MP Tourism Boat Club, on Bhopal’s Upper Lake, (or Bhojtal) Asia’s largest artificial lake, built by Parmara Raja Bhoj during his tenure as a king of Malwa (1005–1055), in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, city of the infamous ‘1984 Gas Disaster’, a tragic event that today continues to consume people's lives.
    179_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • While a train is passing by, two young boys are arguing near piles of garbage and a makeshift toilet set up  along the railway tracks in New Arif Nagar, one of the water-affected colonies standing next to the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous 1984 gas tragedy in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India. The poisonous cloud that enveloped Bhopal left everlasting consequences that today continue to consume people's lives.
    177_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Samir, 14, a severely disabled boy, is lifting his tiny arm while lying on the floor of his home in Kasi Camp, one of the water-affected colonies standing near the abandoned Union Carbide (now DOW Chemical) industrial complex, site of the infamous 1984 gas tragedy in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, central India. The poisonous cloud that enveloped Bhopal left everlasting consequences that today continue to consume people's lives.
    174_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
  • Suraj, 7, a child born with severe mental and physical disabilities from gas-affected parents, is using a medical chair to sit straight while a volunteer and his mother are playing with him, on the floor of Chingari Trust in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The trust offers assistance, education, physiotherapy and advice to hundreds of children born from gas-affected parents or being fed highly contaminated water since a very early age, when the body is more likely to be affected and to suffer irreparable damage.
    171_Bhopal_Second_Disaster.JPG
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